分享10你可能不曾用过的Linux命令
1)pgrep
pgrep名字前有个p,我们可以猜到这和进程相关,又是grep,当然这是进程相关的grep命令。不过,这个命令主要是用来列举进程ID的。如:
$ pgrep -u hchen
22441
22444
这个命令相当于:
ps -ef | egrep '^hchen' | awk '{print $2}'
2)pstree
这个命令可以以树形的方式列出进程。如下所示:
[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]$ pstree
init-+-acpid
|-auditd-+-python
| `-{auditd}
|-automount---4*[{automount}]
|-backup.sh---sleep
|-dbus-daemon
|-events/0
|-events/1
|-hald---hald-runner---hald-addon-acpi
|-httpd---10*[httpd]
|-irqbalance
|-khelper
|-klogd
|-ksoftirqd/0
|-ksoftirqd/1
|-kthread-+-aio/0
| |-aio/1
| |-ata/0
| |-ata/1
| |-ata_aux
| |-cqueue/0
| |-cqueue/1
| |-kacpid
| |-kauditd
| |-kblockd/0
| |-kblockd/1
| |-kedac
| |-khubd
| |-6*[kjournald]
| |-kmirrord
| |-kpsmoused
| |-kseriod
| |-kswapd0
| |-2*[pdflush]
| |-scsi_eh_0
| |-scsi_eh_1
| |-xenbus
| `-xenwatch
|-migration/0
|-migration/1
|-6*[mingetty]
|-3*[multilog]
|-mysqld_safe---mysqld---9*[{mysqld}]
|-smartd
|-sshd---sshd---sshd---bash---pstree
|-svscanboot---svscan-+-3*[supervise---run]
| |-supervise---qmail-send-+-qmail-clean
| | |-qmail-lspawn
| | `-qmail-rspawn
| `-2*[supervise---tcpserver]
|-syslogd
|-udevd
|-watchdog/0
|-watchdog/1
`-xinetd
3)bc
这个命令主要是做一个精度比较高的数学运算的。比如开平方根等。下面是一个我们利用bc命令写的一个脚本(文件名:sqrt)
#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -ne 1 ]
then
echo 'Usage: sqrt number'
exit 1
else
echo -e "sqrt($1)\nquit\n" | bc -q -i
fi
于是,我们可以这样使用这个脚本进行平方根运算:
[hchen@RHELSVR5]$ ./sqrt 36
6
[hchen@RHELSVR5]$ ./sqrt 2.0000
1.4142
[hchen@RHELSVR5]$ ./sqrt 10.0000
3.1622
4)split
如果你有一个很大的文件,你想把其分割成一些小的文件,那么这个命令就是干这件事的了。
[hchen@RHELSVR5 applebak]# ls -l largefile.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 436774774 04-17 02:00 largefile.tar.gz
[hchen@RHELSVR5 applebak]# split -b 50m largefile.tar.gz LF_
[hchen@RHELSVR5]# ls -l LF_*
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_aa
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ab
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ac
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ad
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ae
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:35 LF_af
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:35 LF_ag
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:35 LF_ah
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 17344374 05-10 18:35 LF_ai
文件合并只需要使用简单的合并就行了,如:
[hchen@RHELSVR5]# cat LF_* >largefile.tar.gz
5)nl
nl命令其它和cat命令很像,只不过它会打上行号。如下所示:
[hchen@RHELSVR5 include]# nl stdio.h | head -n 10
1 /* Define ISO C stdio on top of C++ iostreams.
2 Copyright (C) 1991,1994-2004,2005,2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 This file is part of the GNU C Library.
4 The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
5 modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
6 License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
7 version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8 The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
6)mkfifo